The National Institutes of Health (NIH) intends to publish a Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) to solicit applications for research on the development of new glucose control technologies incorporating AI/ML tools and strategies. The goal of this research is to overcome barriers that limit progress toward more effective open- and closed-loop diabetes control systems. This may include innovation in sensing relevant analytes/physiologic signals, novel formulation and delivery of hormones, AI/ML-driven tools/algorithms, and digital twin modeling to augment decision support and automated control systems. The aim is to improve glycemic control, reduce the burden of care, and enhance the quality of life for people with type 1 diabetes. Key aspects of this opportunity include: • Research on sensing relevant analytes/physiologic signals • Novel formulation and delivery of hormones • AI/ML-driven tools/algorithms • Digital twin modeling • Decision support and automated control systems • Collaborative investigations combining expertise in endocrine physiology, behavioral science, data science, and more • Applications from various types of organizations, including private institutions of higher education, small businesses, and non-profits