The NSF CISE Directorate supports research and education projects that develop new knowledge in all aspects of computing, communications, and information science and engineering through core programs. The core programs for the participating CISE divisions include: * Division of Computing and Communication Foundations (CCF): Algorithmic Foundations (AF) program, Communications and Information Foundations (CIF) program, Foundations of Emerging Technologies (FET) program, and Software and Hardware Foundations (SHF) program * Division of Computer and Network Systems (CNS): Computer and Network Systems (CSR) program and Networking Technology and Systems (NeTS) program * Division of Information and Intelligent Systems (IIS): Human-Centered Computing (HCC) program, Information Integration and Informatics (III) program, and Robust Intelligence (RI) program This solicitation invites proposals on bold new ideas tackling ambitious and fundamental research problems within scope of one or more of the participating CISE divisions core programs listed above, and that are well suited to a large-scale integrated collaborative effort. Some key points to consider: • Proposals should be focused on research and not on research infrastructure • Teams should consist of two or more investigators with complementary expertise • Proposers are invited to submit proposals with total budgets from $3,000,000 to $5,000,000 and durations up to five years • Proposals should be well suited to a large-scale integrated collaborative effort • Investigators are strongly encouraged to come together within or across disciplines and/or institutions and combine their creative talents to identify compelling, transformative research agendas