The Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences (MCB) supports fundamental research designed to promote understanding of complex living systems at the molecular, subcellular, and cellular levels. The priority of the Division is to support work that advances the field by capturing the predictive power of mechanistic, quantitative, and evolutionary approaches. Some key points to consider: • The Division supports research relevant to four core clusters: Cellular Dynamics and Function, Genetic Mechanisms, Molecular Biophysics, and Systems and Synthetic Biology. • MCB gives high priority to research projects that use theory, methods, and technologies from life and physical sciences, mathematics, computational sciences, and engineering to address major biological questions. • Research supported by MCB uses a range of experimental and computational approaches and a broad spectrum of model and non-model organisms. • Typical research supported by MCB integrates theory and experimentation. • Projects are particularly welcome that address emerging areas such as multi-scale integration, transformative methods and resources, molecular and cellular evolution, the synthesis of life-like systems, and the quantitative prediction of the phenome from genomic information.